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吉林大学博士生导师口述历史
课程设置
吉林大学历史系口述历史小组
主讲:杨祥银
电话:0431-5160696 E-mail:125@hongkong.com
住址:吉林大学南区540#信箱(5舍416室)
时间:星期四 18:00-20:30
前言
口述史学(Oral History)是当代史学中正在兴起和迅速发展的一个分支学科。它起源于远古时代的民间传统,是历史学的最早形式。兰克学派兴起后,档案库的资料被看作是“最可靠的和最有价值的记录”,口述史学便逐渐失去了原有的地位。20世纪中叶以来,由于现代电子工业和录音技术的发展与进步,口述史学重新得到发展. 历史学要走向大众化,它只能通过历史教育达到这一目的。但是,近几年来,随着新技术革命的兴起,以研究过去来为现实服务的历史学面临命运的选择。一方面社会对历史学的重视不够,以致史学家缺乏从事史学研究的热情;另一方面历史学作为一种普及教育,学生对历史的兴趣减弱,在西方国家中,历史系学生注册人数减少。在这种严峻的形式下,历史学究竟何去何从?美国莱辛·加普-----纳科契农业学校的社会研究教师埃利奥特·威金顿回答了这一问题。他为了提高学生对历史的兴趣,便派学生们到周围的村庄,向老前辈采访过去的历史,最后编成《狐火》一书。他发现用这个方法来提高中学生对学习历史的兴趣非常有效。《狐火》技术很快风行全美,各地中学竞相仿效威金顿的做法,不久又发展到各地的学院和大学。他还把口述史学作为中等学校的正式历史课程。威金顿的做法之所以受到欢迎,是因为口述历史教学一方面改变了以往的静态历史教学面貌,而成为充满活力的,内容丰富的动态活动。另一方面它“打破了课堂与社会的界限,促使教师与学生成为工作伙伴,有助于代际间的接触。”目前,在美国大部分学校都开设了口述史学课程。伯洛伊特学校设置口述史学的学士学位,加利福尼亚州立大学为攻读硕士学位提供正规指导。而且这些学校同时设立口述史学项目和研究机构,比如南金斯顿中学(South
Kingstown High School和布朗大学(Brown University)联合主办的口述历史项目------“整个世界在注视:1968年的口述历史”(The Whole
World Was Watching: An Oral History of 1968)便是一例。可见,在美国,口述历史已经与课堂教育紧密联系起来。
口述历史在教学方面的最大作用就在于它彻底改变了原先传统的教学方式,而极大地提到了学生们的兴趣,因为他们真正地参与了历史的“创造”。本人之所以非常有信心地开设这一课程,就因为我相信这一方法是会受到学生的欢迎,在这个课堂上,将不再是教师的传授,而是师生之间的互动过程。
课程安排
一. 10月21日:口述历史概述(口述历史的定义、发展原因和现状);背景资料收集和采访表单介绍。
作业:A.博士生导师基本资料的收集。(与各院系资料室联系,分组实施)
B.设备的统计(录音机、照相机和电脑等)
参考资料:《当代口述史学概览》(杨祥银);《中国口述史学的调查》(布鲁斯·斯蒂文);《口述史学百年透视》(杨雁斌);《中国口述史学漫谈》(钟少华);《Oral Histyory in China: A Preliminary Review》(Luke S.K.Kwong);《Oral History:From Sound to Print and Back Again》;《Doing Oral History》(第1章)(Donald A.Ritchie)。
二. 10月28日:一项口述历史项目的基本程序;互联网络的基本的基本知识;口述历史的功用。
作业:A.博士生导师基本资料的收集。
B.找一位人做采访,并写出一份自己关于采访的体会。
(分组实施)
参考资料:《口述史与历史的社会目的》(保罗·汤普逊);《论口述史学在历史中的功用与地位》(杨立文);《口述史学在史学研究中的作用》(宋瑞芝);《口述史》(杨豫);《与人民共写历史:西方口述史的发展特点及对我们的启发》(沈固朝);《Oral
History》(Cliff Kuhn); 《On Using Oral History Collection:An
Introduction》(Ronald J.Grele); 《Doin Oral History》(第2,4,8章)(Donald
A.Ritchie)。
三. 11月4日:口述历史采访技巧(课堂讨论或邀请教师讲座); 口述历史的理论和存在的巨大挑战。
作业:A.博士生导师基本资料的收集
B.采访学校主管人员、食堂工人或学生。
参考资料:《Doin Oral History》(第3章)(Donald A.Ritchie);《口述历史采访技巧》(杨祥银);《试论口述历史研究的功用与难点》(岳珑);
《口述史学的综合性质及研究方法管窥》(杨雁斌);《口述史的基本理论面面观》(杨雁斌);《The
Battle of Valle Giulia》(Alessandro Portelli); 《Minds Stayed on Freedom》(By
The Youth Of The Rural Organizing And Cultural Center);《Theory,Method
and Oral History》(Peter Friedlander)。
四. 11月11日:进一步讨论口述历史采访技巧;实行课堂一对一或 者集体采访(受访者可以邀请教师、学生、社会人士)。
作业:A.整理博士生导师基本资料,并开始准备问题。
B.进行一次实地集体采访,并整理采访资料。
参考资料:《Doin Oral History》(第8章)(Donald A.Ritchie);《一个参加过“上甘岭”战役的老志愿军的回忆》(黄极润);《Oral
History Paper Sample》;《Oral History Questions》。
五. 11月18日:口述历史与多媒体技术;口述历史与法律、道德义务;口述历史委托授权书和磁带索引介绍。
作业:A.开始采访两位博士生导师,并且整理成文字资料。
B.写一份自己对口述历史的理解与看法。(3千字)
参考资料:《Doin Oral History》(第5,8章)(Donald A.Ritchie);《Radio and the
Public Use of Oral History》(David Dunaway);《Fifty Years on:An International
Perspective on Oral History》(Alistair Thomson)。
六. 11月25日(这个学期的课程结束):口述历史与展览、博物馆和档案馆。
作业:A.继续采访博士生导师,并整理成文字资料。
B.有兴趣的同学,在假期写一篇论文,题目可以再讨论。
七.2000年3月1日-6月1日:继续采访博士生导师,并且整理成
文字资料。
八. 6月中旬:将整理成的文字资料和录音带、照片等资料做一次展览,可能的话,寻求出版。
国外口述历史参考文献
A selected bibliography of books on oral history practice, use,
and theoretical issues. Addresses and prices have been listed for less accessible
materials. Other excellent books on oral history are now out of print, but look
for them in your local library under "oral history" or "interviewing."
Oral History Manuals
* Baum, Willa K. Oral History for the Local Historical Society. 1987, 68
pp.
Nashville: American Association for State
and Local History (530
Church Street, Suite 600, Nashville, TN
37219). $10.95
* Baum, Willa K. Transcribing and Editing Oral History. 1977, 127 pp.
Nashville: American Association for State
and Local History (530
Church Street, Suite 600, Nashville, TN
37219). $13.95
Comprehensive advice and examples on each
step from the tape to
the written record.
Dunaway, David K. and Willa K. Baum. Oral History: An Interdisciplinary
Anthology. Second Edition. 1996. 439
pp. Alta Mira Press (1630
North Main St., Suite 367, Walnut
Creek, CA 94596).
A collection of the best scholarly
writing on oral history, its uses, promise and problems.
Not a manual, but full bibliographies
following each chapter are a key to
all the writings on oral history up
to 1995.
Frisch, Michael. A Shared Authority. Albany, NY: State University of
New York Press, 1990. State University
of New York Press, State
University Plaza, Albany, NY 12246.
Gluck, Sherna and Daphne Patai, ed. Womens Words: The Feminist Practice
of Oral History. Routledge: New York
and London, 1991, 234 pp. A
collection of 13 essays on interviewing
technique, interpretation,
and advocacy issues by two generations
of feminist oral historians.
Havlice, Patricia Pate. Oral History: A Reference Guide and Annotated
Bibliography. 1985, 140 pp. Jefferson,
N.C.: McFarland and Co., Inc.
(Box 611, Jefferson, NC 28640). $29.95
This 1985 bibliography gives
annotated entries on manuals, articles
about oral history, guides to
collections, and books based on oral
history. A well-done
subject index enables users to find
publications on their topics.
Holstein, James A. and Jaber F. Gubrium. The Active Interview. Thousand
Oaks, CA: 1995. $9.95 Sage Publications,
Inc., P.O. Box 5084,
Thousand Oaks, CA 91359-9924. Addresses
general interview techniques
for qualitative research.
Ives, Edward D. The Tape-Recorded Interview: A Manual For Field Workers in
Folklore and Oral History. Second
Edition, 1995. 130 pp.
Knoxville: The University of Tennessee
Press (Knoxville, TN 37996-0325).
$16.95 cloth, $6.95 paper. A full
and readable manual by leading
folklorist, especially strong on recording
techniques. Includes
sample of form letters, agreements,
accession forms.
Jackson, Bruce. Fieldwork. University of Illinois Press, 1987.
Comprehensive guide to doing oral
history, strong on equipment,
including videotape and film.
Mercier, Laurie and Madeline Buckendorf. Using Oral History in Community
History Projects. Oral History Association,
1992. Pamphlet Series #4.
*Nathan, Harriet. Critical Choices in Interviews. Conduct, Use, and Research
Role. University of California, Berkeley:
Institute of Governmental
Studies, 1986. Treats interviews of
all kinds. "Essential reading
for the serious oral historian"--W.K.
Baum.
Neuenschwander, John H. Oral History and the Law. Oral History Association,
1993. Pamphlet Series #1. See attached
order form.
Oblinger, Carl. Interviewing the People of Pennsylvania. 1978, 84 pp.
Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical
and Museum Commission (Box 1026,
Harrisburg, PA 17120.) $6.95 A thoughtful
book that combines theory
and method with many clear examples.
Oral History Evaluation Guidelines. Oral History Association, 1992. Pamphlet
Series #3. See attached order form.
Perks, Robert and Alistair Thomson, eds., Oral History Reader , Routledge:
New York, 1998.
Reimer, Derek, David Mattison and Allen W. Specht. Voices, A Guide to Oral
History. 1984, 74 pp. Victoria: Provincial
Archives, British Columbia
(Crown Publications, 546 Yates Street,
Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 1K8).
$8. An excellent manual aimed at radio
broadcast quality interviews.
Detailed information on equipment
and recording methods.
Good examples of cataloging. A best
buy.
Ritchie, Donald A., Doing Oral History ,Twayne Publishers, New York,
1995, 265 pp. Practical advice on
oral history--planning,
conducting, videotaping, preserving,
teaching, presenting, and using
in research and writing. Simon Schuster
Macmillan, 866 Third Avenue,
New York 10022
Rubin, Herbert J. and Irene S. Rubin. Qualitative Interviewing. The
Art of Hearing Data. Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage Publications, 1995. $22.95
Sage Publications, Inc., P.O. Box
5084, Thousand Oaks, CA 91359-9924.
For qualitative researchers, including
oral historians, linking
techniques with theories of how people
communicate meaning.
Schorzman, Terri A., A Practical Introduction to Videohistory: The
Smithsonian Institution and Alfred
P. Sloan Foundation Experiment.
Krieger Publishing, Malabar, Florida,
1994.
Thompson, Paul. The Voice of the Past: Oral History. 1988 2d
ed.,expanded, 257 pp. New York: Oxford
University Press (2001 Evans Road,
Cary, NC 27513). $16.95
A theoretical and practical guide
by England's leading oral historian.
This is the best book so far on oral
historiography from a grassroots
perspective. "For academics who
already are historians but want to
master oral history"--C. Morrissey
Yow, Valerie Raleigh. Recording Oral History: A Practical Guide for Social
Scientists. Sage Publications (2455
Teller Road, Thousand Oaks,
CA 91320), 1994, 283 pp. Discusses
oral history as a
qualitative research method in social
science, with practical advice and
sample forms and guides as well as
theoretical considerations.
2001年10月17日
Page maintained by:Yang Xiangyin
Last updated:November,1,2001